Composting

What is Composting and What Can Be Composted?

Composting is a simple biological process that breaks down leaves, grass clippings, wood chips, brush and food scraps into a dark, crumbly, nutrient-rich organic product. It's nature's way of recycling organic matter and returning it to the earth so that it may be used again.   (Avoid composting meat, dairy products, cooking oil or grease.)

How are Compost Piles Made?

A compost pile may be started directly on the ground using a container or structure, which will save space, hasten decomposition and keep the yard looking neat.

1. Select a level area near a water source that receives equal amount of sunlight and shade during the day.
   
2. Apply a 3" - 6" layer of chopped brush, branches, dead leaves, straw and twigs to allow air circulation around the base of the heap.
   
3. Add 6" of grass clippings, *manure, sawdust, and kitchen food scraps. Materials should be kept damp, but not wet and soggy.  An occasional sprinkle of soil and fertilizer is also a welcome addition to this layer. (Rabbit pellets, cow or horse manure only.)
4. Repeat steps 2-3 until the pile is sufficient in height.  The ideal pile is 4 to 5 feet wide and high.
   
5. Every couple of weeks, turn the pile and water it until damp.  Turning the pile more often makes compost faster.

More Composting Information:

A properly made heap will reach temperatures up to 160º F in several days. During this time, you will notice settlement in the pile.  This is a good sign that your compost pile is working properly. 

The composting process may last from a few weeks to many months, depending upon the types of materials you use, water requirements and how often you turn your pile.

Apply the finished product to your garden or around trees and shrubs by turning the soil and applying 1"- 3" layers of compost, working it in well.

Max G. Greiner Environmental Learning Center:

The Max G. Greiner Environmental Center was developed as part of Irving's Master Compost Training Program, which began in 1994.  Currently, Irving's Master Compost Program boasts of more than 400 trained backyard compost specialists. 

If you are interested in receiving a packet on backyard composting, call Public Health and Environmental Services at (972)721-2355.